WHAT IS COMPUTER ? WHAT IS COMPUTER AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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Charles Babbage first invented the computer in the year 1837 AD. It was a machine that correctly programmed the given data and instructions. The results that were 100% correct. so Charles Babbage created programmable give his this mechanical machine named analytic engine. Charles Babbage is also known as the father and father of the computer.
Definition:
The word computer is made up of the word computer means to calculate is normality. computer is called a device to process data.
Data:
It consists of figures that form the binary number of digits and a group of statistics. That are converted into a meaningful information by processing computer programming can be easily understood by.
Information:
A computer that converts data into meaningful language by processing or making it understandable by humans is called information. In other words meaning full information data facts and statistics on binary data are obtained by a programming process providing information in front of us as data.
Bit:
Bit is the smallest unit of computer memory. it shows information in memory 0s or 1s. It is a short form of binary digit. computer makes the information meaningful only by these bits or binary digits a short form of information. Tell you that the bigger to bigger information can be shortened by binary and the bits.
Byte:
8 bits together form a byte it is a standard unit of a computer when we work on a computer or give it any instructions , information , digit , character or special mark on a computer stores it in ASCII code.
And this ASCII code is made up of 8-bit so it produces 8-bit to convert a character into information and store it in computer memory.
Evolution of computer-
HEC-2M:
Computer as a technology in the world began in the late 1940s but India purchased its first computer in 1956 in 1000000rs. The name of this computer was HEC-2M. It was established at the Indian statistical institute located at Kolkata.
TIFRAC:
This was the first indigenous built computer of India developed in 1962. Its full name is-"data institute of fundamental research automatic computer".
Param:
India's supercomputer programme launched in the late 1980s after USA refused to give cream supercomputer to India. In order to achieve self - reliance in the field of super computing, the advanced computing development center ( C-DAC : Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) was set up in 1988. At Param Pune is a series of supercomputers designed and built by C-DAC.
The first super computer of the Param 8000 Param series was developed in the year of 1951. It is considered to be India's first indigenously built supercomputer. the latest supercomputer of the supreme Eshan.
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Classification of computer:
Computer can be divided into 4 parts based on size and function-
(a) Micro Computer.
(b) Mini Computer.
(C) Mainframe Computer.
(d) Super computer.
(a) Micro Computer :
This computers are small in size. Microprocessor were used in these computers so they are called microcomputer. These computers are also called PC (Personal Computers). The PC is divided into the following parts-
Micro Computer
(1) Desktop Computer.
(2) Laptop Computer.
(3) Palmtop Computer.
(4) Tablet Computer.
(b) Mini Computer :
Mini computers are larger in size. Mini computer word length is 32 Bit or more. Mini computer are used for payroll accounting scientific experiments etc.
(C) Mainframe Computer:
This computers are used for servers computers in large companies and offices. Users can login somewhere simultaneously on this computer. Its memory is high.
(d) Super Computer :
The term supercomputer first used in the year 1929 in America when computers with binary digital technology today were not even born. The term calculating machine was coined by the American company, IBM, in praise of one of the largest and most complex calculating machines which was considered the fastest calculating machine of its time.
Supercomputer is a show relationship group of high-quality computers that look like high - end steel shelves in which many microprocessors work together to solve the most complex problems at once. Units like Gigaflops, Teraflops and Petaflops are used to tell the functional efficiency of supercomputer. Supercomputers that calculate billions of melons per second are used especially in areas that require large - scale calculations in a few moments. Example weather research nuclear weapons quantum physics and study of chemical compounds are used supercomputers.
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Computer main parts :
A computer system consists of four major units-
1. CPU : Central Processing Unit.
2. Memory Unit.
3. Input unit.
4. Output Unit.
Computer generations:
Generations of computer based on electronic devices are classified into following five major categories :
First Generation(1940 to 1956):
- Its hardware use vacuum tube and magnetic drum memory.
- Machine language used as software.
- It is large and expensive as well as limited application.
- ENIAC , EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) , UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer).
Second Generation (1956 to 1963):
- It use transistor in place of vacuum tube for hardware carry magnetic core used magnetic tape and disc.
- For software it use assembly language Fortran and Cobol.
- They are smaller in size but their ability to store them is greater in speed.
- IBM 1620 , IBM 7094 , UNIVAC 1108 is an example of this.
Third Generation (1964 to1971):
- In this computer integrated Circuit are used for hardware.
- And O.S (operating system) is used for software and high level language BASIC.
- Banquet is an application for documentation and processing as well as being of small size.
- Mini computer is an example of it.
Fourth Generation (1971 to the present):
- It use very large scale integrated circuit for hardware and use memory etc. of microprocessor semiconductor substance.
- It contains a spreadsheet software database software and a graphical user interface used as the software.
- The greatest feature of it is that it is of fast speed and low value.
- Microcomputer is an example of it.
Fifth generation present and beyond:
- Multimedia Internet is used optical disks and parallel processing hardware for hardware in such a computer.
- Inside it Internet , multimedia , artificial intelligence software is used as software for all high level languages like c , c++ , Java , data net.
- It is characterized by a very small rapid movement and easy to use and easy to use and multifaceted applications such as in the use of sound views, taxes, etc.
- Notebook , palm top super computer is an example of it.
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Central Processing Unit : CPU-
System unit consists of CPU a main hard work. it also called computer's brain. CPU has two major parts-
(1) Central Unit
(2) Arithmetic & Logic Unit-ALU
Memory Unit:
Memory is the part of a computer by which stores and reruns of information and instructions are performed, generally there are two types of memory of a computer-
(1) Internal Memory
(2) External Memory
The capacity of memory is measured in Byte Megabyte , Gigabyte or Terabyte.
Internal memory of a computer is shown as chips in its madder board. Internal memory also known as primary memory or main memory. The two types of internal memory used by computer -
(1) RAM-Random Access Memory
(2) ROM-Read Only Memory
RAM:
- Random access memory is called main memory of computer.
- Ram is used to hold programs and information that are processing to the computer's memory.
- It is temporary memory i. e. the data stored in it is destroyed when the computer is turned off and cannot be retrieved.
ROM:
- The full name of Rom is read only memory as it is obvious by the name of this memory. The data or instruction stored in this memory can only be read. It can neither be removed nor any other information or data can be stored there.
- This memory stays in a computer permanently. Room notifications remain music even when a computer is off. Not deleted normally a program called basic input output system (BIOS) is stored in room shift.
FOREST CONSERVATION CAN NOT BE PLANTED FORESTS JUST SAVED
POPULATION EXPLOSION
Secondary Memory:
Some of the major examples of secondary memory are-
- Hard Disk
- Floppy Disk
- CD ROM
- DVD
- Pen Drive
- Blue Ray Disk
Hard Disk: A hard disk consists of more than one disk. each disk is divided into track and each track sector divides.
DVD: Digital versatile Disk or Digital Video Disk:
DVD is an optical storage device similar to the CD but it has a storage capacity of up to 15 times that of the CD. There are two types of DVDS-
- DVD-R
- DVD-RW
Pen Drive:
- Pen drive is also called a USB flash drive.
- Pen drive are the most popular of the current data storage appointments.
Blu-Ray Disk:
- Blue ray disk is an optical disc called an advanced version of DVD.
- In a blue - ray disc the color of the blue laser and the ray represents an optical beam.
Input Units : All devices used for inserting data and instructions into a computer are called proceeds or input devices. Some major input devices are that the key-board mouse , scanner , trackball , light pen etc.
Output Unit :
- Output devices or output equipment means devices which convey the results of an organization to the users. This result can be shown by a visual display unit, printed by printed print on magnetic mediums or may be obtained by some other method.
Printer , plotter, monitor , LCD is an example of.
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Computer software can be divided mainly into two parts -
(1) System Software
(2) Application Software
1-System Software:
- It is the main program of a computer. without it the computer cannot start.
- This software controls the internal working of a computer.
2-Application software:
It is a group of one or more program that is designed by programmers to perform a particular task.
Application software for different USES as per requirement are different applications like calculation of salary for recording song keeping data for writing, accounting transactions etc.
Expl- Word Processing Software , Database Software , Graphic Software etc.
Computer Programming Language: The computer follows the instructions given by programming to perform a task.
Computer understands only a language called machine language. It's based on 1s & 0s. Hence it is also called viral language.
A computer network is a group of independent computers connected together which are capable of communicating with one another and sharing information.
Types of Network: There are following types of network-
LAN(Local Area Network)- It is a computer network limited in a geographical radius such as a small group of home office buildings etc.
WAN(Wide Area Network)- In this network computers are connected through lead wire switch circuits. The geography of this network is large, such as the net of network spread across the city, country or country, Internet is a good example of this, ATM facility provided by Banks, example of wide area network.
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)- Under it two or more local area networks are connected together. it is a computer network located within city bounds. router switch and hubs.
World wide web(w.w.w)- This application was invented by British computer scientist Tim Berners Lee real at uranium laboratory for particle physic near Geneva at French switch limit. It becomes easy to display information on a website with text pictures, sounds and videos on the Internet with the help of WWW in many pages. The feature of this service is that it can travel across websites by clicking a mouse on other websites through links.
E-mail:
E - mail is currently the fastest means of exchanging messages, with the help of which we can send messages to your friend, either for a party or to the company or to the trader for business transactions in any corner of the world.
NOTE : [ You can translate this article in any language ]
NOTE : [ You can translate this article in any language ]
How far is the death penalty helpful to stop terrorism :https://anyknowledgeablearticle.blogspot.com/2020/10/death-india-death-death-penalty-death-punishment-terrorism-death-penalty-definition-death-penalty-essay-anyknowledgeablearticle-any-article.html
Dangerous in the world is the problem of drug : https://anyknowledgeablearticle.blogspot.com/2020/09/problem-drug-addication-dangerous-world-leading-increased-drug-intake-effects-drugs-government-endeavor-coordinate-efforts.html
Dry out sea , biggest mistake of human kind :
MAKE IN INDIA : https://anyknowledgeablearticle.blogspot.com/2020/09/make-made-india.html
DANGEROUS PROBLEM : GLOBAL WARMING
Nuclear energy is more necessary for human or nuclear safety
FOREST CONSERVATION CAN NOT BE PLANTED FORESTS JUST SAVED
POPULATION EXPLOSION
Covid-19 is a weapon or pandemic ?https://anyknowledgeablearticle.blogspot.com/2020/08/covid-19-corona-flu-weapon.html
Graphene - What Is It? | The world's smallest graphene bulb
World domination and imperialist policies of China as a barrier in India China relations.
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