THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MAN : ANCIENT STONE AGE

November 12, 2020

THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MAN : ANCIENT STONE AGE

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African ancestor of human species

The earth is more than 4 billion 60 million years old. its layer development has revealed four stages. Fourth state is called quaranery,

Which has two part is plastoscene and helloscene. The first was between 20 lac BC to 12000 BC and second starting from around 12000 BC to continue today.

Life on earth originated around 3billion fifty million years ago life was confined to plants and animals. The pre plasstoscene period on the human earth and the beginning of the plastoscene period originated. About 700000 years ago man hominid originated in south and East Africa. Adimanas who were not very different from monkeys nearly three million years ago appeared on earth.

The formation of otralopethicus in the emergence of human is the most important event. Australpethicus is the Latin word meaning southern apes. It was a male apes and this species had both characteristics of apes and man. The emergence of aussies took place from about 5500000 years ago to 1500000 years ago. it was a two legs and a raised belly. Its brain was very small in size about 400 cubic centimetre of. Some of the symptoms existed in the otralopethicus, which was found in homo or human. Australopethicus was the very last former human hominid. So its called proto human too.

HOMINID ( PROTO HUMAN )

The first human called homo habilis originated in 2000000 to 1500000 years ago in east and South Africa. Homo habilis refers to an artisan man. This first real man broke the stones into pieces and used them as tools by exploring them. So wherever homo habilis found, stone fragments are also found. Homo habilis had a brain lighter are about 500 to 700 cc.

HOMO HABILIS

It is to this credit is given to humans or homo erectus, which originated directly on earth from 18 to 1600000 years ago, to manufacture a stone - hand axe and to discovery of fire. Homo erectus used to travel long distances unlike homo habilis. Its relics are found in South Asia and south east Asia besides Africa.

The next important step in the emergence of human being was the emergence of homosapiens on earth mean wise human. The emergence of modern man is from homosapiens itself. the Neyeanderthal found in Germany has much in common with man. Homo sapiens can be preset 230000 to 30000 years. Its body was small & frontal narrow but its brain size big around 1200 to 1800 cc.

The modern humans or homosapiens appeared in South Africa in the upper paleolithic period 115000 years ago. Its frontal was larger than the other hominid, and the bones were thin. modern man made a variety of stone tools for different types of functions. But it is not clear whether he had the ability to speak or not until recently it has been assumed that almost 35000 BC language was born but now the birth time of language is considered 50000 BC. The brain of modern human was relatively larger then about 1200 to 2000 cc. As the brain grew up modern man was more intelligent and had the ability to change his surroundings.

Human species in India

Potbar plateau has found extremely ancient fossils in Indian subcontinent under siwalik hill area Pakistan's Punjab. These human skull called the ramapithicus and shivapthicus. These are among the allegorical features of hominids, but they represent apes itself. Ramapithicas is female skull although both belong to same category yet another fossil representing the same group found in Greece is believed to be around a million years old. It can be helpful in deciding the date of ramaipithicas and shivapithicas, otherwise, they are considered to be 2200000 years old, whatever the reason, there is no proof that the species has been transmitted to other parts of the Indian continent. It appears that the human origin in the Indian subcontinent from hominid found in the shivalik hilly region could not have occurred and this species has disappeared.

The year 1982 marked the entire skull of homo erectus or human skull in the place called Hathnora in the narmada valley of madhya pradesh. But after doing a physical test of it now it is considered half homosapiens.

Remains of homosapiens have not been found anywhere in the Indian subcontinent though fossils of homosapiens in Sri Lanka. this fossil is said to be around 34000 years ago. In Sri Lanka this period is of upper Plasto scene and early hole sin period hunter and food collector life. Modern human homosapiens seems to have just arrived in south India on the shores of Africa and nearly 35000 years ago.

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Palaeolithic age stages

The Indian palaeolithic age is divided into three stages based on the nature of stone tools used by man and changes in climate. 1 the initial or lower paleolithic age the second is called the middle palaeolithic age and the third is called upper paleolithic age. But till just get sufficient information about material found from maharashtra sack place can be rough between 600000 BC to 150000 BC, Second state can be placed between 150000 BC to 35000 BC and third state from 35000 BC to 10000 BC before. But in the deccan plateau between 40,000 BC to 15,000 BC, tools of both the middle paleolithic ages and upper paleolithic ages are found.

Most of the early palaeolithic age passed in the snow era. the early paleolithic age in Africa is possibly started 2000000 years ago.

But in India the early palaeolithic sum is not only more than 600000 years old. This date is given to the sack of maharashtra, which is the earliest date for any of the early paleolithic sites in India. People here used verve and chopers for axe or hand axe. The axe found in India is largely similar to that found in west Asia, Europe and Africa. Stone implements used primarily to find cutting and play. The sites of early paleolithic age are now found in the valley of the Punjab or the sohna river lying in Pakistan. Many sites have been found in Kashmir and Thar Maruland. early completed stone carpet tools found in belan valley in Mirzapur district of Uttar pradesh. The tools found in the area of dedwana in the meru land of Rajasthan, in the valleys of belan and narmada and in the caves of Bhimbetka in madhya pradesh and in the rocks of Bhimbetka are one of the million BC. The caves formed from the rocks would be used by human beings as weather related cave.

Handicraft kuthar second is found in response to the time of Himalayan intergleseation this period reduced moisture in climate.

People in the Madhapur paleolithic age were mainly made of stone crust. This stone crust has been found all over India and has regional gaps also found. The main tissue is a variety of canvas ochre - shaped fuchsia. Found in middle Pura stone site area. roughly in the same region found on early paleolithic vena. here we see construction of objects from simple stone golo. Which runs in the ephemeral period of the third Himalayan change. the silpa content of this era is found at many places along the Banks of the narmada and at many places growing south of the tungabhadra.

In India there have been found 566 sites of upper paleolithic period upper paleolithic hai. This period will be in that stage of the ice age when the climate had become relatively warm. it has two features worldwide - Establishment of new industries and rise of human homosapiens of modern format. Facets and bureins are seen in India found in the Andhra pradesh, Karnataka central, Central Madhya Pradesh , Bihar plateau and its surrounding. The upper paleolithic caves worth human use and city shelter found in Bhimbetka, 40 km south from Bhopal. Gujarat's upper paleolithic reserves have also been found on the upper talas characterized by : flakes, blades, burins, scrapers.

In this way many hill slopes of the country and river valleys have paleolithic sites, but they are not known in the alluvial plains of the Indus and ganga.

Middlestone(Mesolithic) Age hunting and hermaphrodite

The upper paleolithic age ended with the end of the ham age around 10000 BC and the climate became hot arid. With the change in climate, changes in plants and animals made it possible for man to move towards new areas. There has been no major changes in climatic condition since 9000 bc. eolithic culture began intermediate stage since 9000 BC, known as middle Stone Age. This is the transition period between the Stone Age and neolithic age. People of the middle Stone Age hunt and ate fish and food items. Later on, some animals were reared. These three basic operations were all set off from the Stone Age, but the last was connected to the neolithic culture.

HUNTING AND HERMAPHRODITE

The typical tools of middle Stone Age are the very small tools of microstone or stone(microlithic). Rajasthan south, Uttar pradesh central and eastern India has a large number of central stone sites and south India is found in the south of the Krishna river. The excavations of the Bagodar site in Rajasthan are well - defined as an industry of micro-stone slabs, which served as hunting and animal husbandry for the people. The settlement at this place was for 5000 years since the beginning of the fifth century BC. In madhya pradesh, Azamgarh and Rajasthan produce the earliest evidence of tiger husbandry that can be dated around 5000 bc. The study of deposition of old salt lake sambhar in Rajasthan appears that plants were planted around 7000 to 6000 BC.

Yet middle stone has been the only scientific age of some of his achievements. Importance of middle stone culture largely constructed from 9000 BC to 4000 BC no doubt this paved way to neolithic.

Oldest artistic work

People of the paleolithic and middle Stone Age used to draw paintings, prehistoric artifacts are found in many places but the Bhimbetka site of madhya pradesh is amazing. It is located on 45 km south Vindhyas from Bhopal. It has more than 500 painted caves spread over 10 sq. km area. The paintings in these caves are from the paleolithic period to the central Stone Age, and some of the series are from recent times, but many of these caves are related to people of the middle Stone Age. They depict a lot of animals, birds and humans, it is clear that most of the animals depicted in these artefacts are on birds that were hunted for life. The perching birds that live on cereals are not found in those early drawings because they will ultimately be related to the food - storage dependent economy.

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. THE FRAMEWORK OF THE LANGUAGE OF HUMAN OF ANCIENT TIMES

https://anyknowledgeablearticle.blogspot.com/2020/11/ancient-language-india-hindi-ancient-language-main-language-austro-asiatic-tibet-burmi-dravidian-hind-aryan-language-language-human-ethnic%20.html

ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT OF ANCIENT INDIA

https://anyknowledgeablearticle.blogspot.com/2020/10/ecology-environment-hindi-ecology-environment-upsc-ecology-environment-human-progress-settlements-precipitation-humanitarian-efforts-environmental-consciousness-ancient-time.html